基于改进BP的GDP预测研究

GDP时间序列具有线性和非线性的双重特征,所以传统统计预测方法、神经网络方法和集成预测方法都在预测分析时准确性不高,误差较大。文章提出由GDP时间序列,找出只具有非线性特征的GDP年增量百分比序列,以此建立基于BP的预测模型,对我国的GDP进行预测,仿真实验表明,改进的BP模型预测准确率明显优于目前的ARIMA-BP集成模型及单一BP模型的预测准确率,从而证实了改进的BP模型用于GDP预测的有效性。     

Negative effects of sufficiently small initial weights on back-propagation neural networks

In the training of feedforward neural networks,it is usually suggested that the initial weights should be small in magnitude in order to prevent premature saturation.The aim of this paper is to point out the other side of the story:In some cases,the gradient of the error functions is zero not only for infinitely large weights but also for zero weights.Slow convergence in the beginning of the training procedure is often the result of sufficiently small initial weights.Therefore,we suggest that,in these cases,the initial values of the weights should be neither too large,nor too small.For instance,a typical range of choices of the initial weights might be something like(0.4,0.1) ∪(0.1,0.4),rather than(0.1,0.1) as suggested by the usual strategy.Our theory that medium size weights should be used has also been extended to a few commonly used transfer functions and error functions.Numerical experiments are carried out to support our theoretical findings.     

车辆TPMS轮速传感器误差消除方法研究

轮胎压力监测系统能够实时地自动监测行驶中汽车的轮胎气压,对于提高行车安全具有重要的意义。基于轮胎压力监测系统硬件平台,阐述了轮速信号的获取,研究了异点剔除方法,提出了基于弹性BP神经网络分析轮速传感器误差的方法,实现了对轮速信号的修正。仿真和实验结果表明,该轮速传感器误差消除方法的精度可达2×10-4rad,能够显著降低传感器误差,提高轮速信号的获取精度。     

智能交通信号控制系统初探

城市交通拥挤是当今世界普遍关注的问题,它所带来的严重危害日益影响到人们的日常生活和社会经济的发展,而城市交通信号控制系统对解决这一问题发挥着不可替代的作用。从高性能智能交通信号控制系统的要求出发,针对目前我国城市交通问题的现状．对智能交通信号协调控制系统进行初步的研究和探讨。     

Measuring the likelihood of VR visual fatigue through ocular biomechanics

Immersion in virtual reality is still linked to symptoms of visual fatigue such as eye strain, dizziness, and overall discomfort. Studies have investigated visual fatigue through pre- and post-immersion tests of the visual function. In this work, we extend on our previous study and derive a visual fatigue likelihood metric using biomechanical analysis. Previously, we have investigated the effect of VR on the vergence system during immersion. The proposed visual fatigue metric exhibited a significant correlation to vergence angle variability which was previously linked to vergence accommodation conflict in VR. We also discuss subjective feedback and its relationship with the proposed visual fatigue metric.     

Quadratic polynomial guided fuzzy C-means and dual attention mechanism for medical image segmentation

Medical image segmentation is the most complex and important task in the field of medical image processing and analysis, as it is linked to disease diagnosis accuracy. However, due to the medical image's high complexity and noise, segmentation performance is limited. We propose a novel quadratic polynomial guided fuzzy C-means and dual attention mechanism composite network model architecture to address the aforementioned issues (QPFC-DA). It has mechanisms for channel and spatial edge attention, which guide the content and edge segmentation branches, respectively. The bi-directional long short-term memory network was added after the two content segmentation branches to better integrate multi-scale features and prevent the loss of important features. Furthermore, the fuzzy C-means algorithm guided by the quadratic polynomial can better distinguish the image's weak edge regions and has a degree of noise resistance, resulting in a membership matrix with less ambiguity and a more reliable segmentation result. We also conducted comparison and ablation experiments on three medical data sets. The experimental results show that this method is superior to several other well-known methods.     

Toward in-situ flaw detection in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing through layerwise imagery and machine learning

Process monitoring in additive manufacturing may allow components to be certified cheaply and rapidly and opens the possibility of healing defects, if detected. Here, neural networks (NNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are trained to detect flaws in layerwise images of a build, using labeled XCT data as a ground truth. Multiple images were recorded after each layer before and after recoating with various lighting conditions. Classifying networks were given a single image or multiple images of various lighting conditions for training and testing. CNNs demonstrated significantly better performance than NNs across all tasks. Furthermore, CNNs demonstrated improved generalizability, i.e., the ability to generalize to more diverse data than either the training or validation data sets. Specifically, CNNs trained on high-resolution layerwise images from one build showed minimal loss in performance when applied to data from an independent build, whereas the performance of the NNs degraded significantly. CNN accuracy was also demonstrated to be a function of flaw size, suggesting that smaller flaws may be produced by mechanisms that do not alter the surface morphology of the build plate. CNNs demonstrated accuracies of 93.5 % on large (>200 μm) flaws when testing and training on components from the same build and accuracies of 87.3 % when testing on a previously unseen build. Finally, evidence linking the formation of large lack-of-fusion defects to the presence of process ejecta is presented.     

物联网技术在信息工程安全监理中的应用

通过对物联网技术的分析,提出利用无线射频识别技术,构建出一个信息工程安全监理模型,并通过改进人工神经网络,增强了系统全局最优性,并提高了对质量、进度和投资的监督,形成一个有效的信息工程安全监理机制,以保障信息工程项目顺利进行。     

基于神经网络的聚类方法研究

针对常用聚类方法不能有效处理噪声数据的问题,本文结合神经网络具有自适应性的特点,提出基于神经网络的聚类(NN_Cluster)模型,并设计了基于自适应共振理论的神经网络聚类模型(ARTNN_Cluster)和基于自组织特征映射的神经网络聚类模型(SOMNN_Cluster)。标准数据集上的实验结果表明,与传统的K_means聚类方法相比,本文提出的基于神经网络的聚类模型有效地克服了传统方法的噪声问题,得到了较好的聚类效果。     

改进神经网络在芝麻油掺伪检测中的应用

研究芝麻油掺伪检测问题,提高检测精度。由于成分复杂,掺伪后化学成分变化,直观难以检测。传统物理或化学芝麻油掺伪检测方法操作复杂,设备昂贵,存在不同程度缺陷。结合近红外光谱技术和神经网络优点,提出一种RBF神经网络-近红外光谱的芝麻油掺伪检测方法(NIR-RBF)。首先采用近红外光谱提取芝麻油样本的光谱信息,然后采用主成分分析提取光谱信息主要有效成分,最后将主要有效成分输入到神经网络进行学习,得到芝麻油掺伪检测结果。采用建立的模型对掺入不同类型植物油的芝麻油进行检测,结果表明,相对于其它芝麻油掺伪检测方法,NIR-RBF提高了检测精度和速度,降低了检测误差,是一种快速、有效的芝麻油掺伪检测方法。